Atovaquone: Difference between revisions
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
*Type: Antimicrobial (active against [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]], [[Babesiosis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Malaria]]) | *Type: Antimicrobial (active against [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]], [[Babesiosis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Malaria]]) | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: tablet, oral suspion | ||
*Routes of Administration: | *Dosage Strengths: tablet: 250mg; oral suspension: 750mg/5mL | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Routes of Administration: PO | ||
*Common Trade Names: Mepron | |||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
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*PCP pneumonia (2nd line): 1500mg daily | *PCP pneumonia (2nd line): 1500mg daily | ||
*Malaria prophylaxis: | *Malaria prophylaxis: | ||
===Indications by Disease=== | |||
{{#ask: [[Has DrugName::Atovaquone]] [[Has Population::Adult]] | |||
|?Treats disease=Disease | |||
|?Has Dose=Dose | |||
|?Has Context=Context | |||
|format=table | |||
|limit=50 | |||
|mainlabel=- | |||
|headers=show | |||
|sort=Treats disease | |||
}} | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
*Babesiosis: 20mg/kg q12h (max 750mg/dose) + azithromycin | *Babesiosis: 20mg/kg q12h (max 750mg/dose) + azithromycin | ||
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*Malaria prophylaxis: 250mg + 100mg proguanil daily | *Malaria prophylaxis: 250mg + 100mg proguanil daily | ||
*Malaria falciparum/vivax treatment: 1000mg + proguanil 400mg daily | *Malaria falciparum/vivax treatment: 1000mg + proguanil 400mg daily | ||
===Indications by Disease=== | |||
{{#ask: [[Has DrugName::Atovaquone]] [[Has Population::Pediatric]] | |||
|?Treats disease=Disease | |||
|?Has Dose=Dose | |||
|?Has Context=Context | |||
|format=table | |||
|limit=50 | |||
|mainlabel=- | |||
|headers=show | |||
|sort=Treats disease | |||
}} | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days | *Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: undergoes enterohepatic recirculation | ||
*Excretion: Fecal | *Excretion: Fecal | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:39, 20 March 2026
Administration
- Type: Antimicrobial (active against Pneumocystis jirovecii, Babesiosis, Toxoplasmosis, Malaria)
- Dosage Forms: tablet, oral suspion
- Dosage Strengths: tablet: 250mg; oral suspension: 750mg/5mL
- Routes of Administration: PO
- Common Trade Names: Mepron
Adult Dosing
- Babesiosis: 750mg PO q12h + azithromycin
- Toxoplasma encephalitis, HIV+: 1500mg daily + leucovorin +/- pyrimethamine
- PCP pneumonia (2nd line): 1500mg daily
- Malaria prophylaxis:
Indications by Disease
| Disease | Dose | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 750mg BID x 10 days | Mild parasitemia less than 4 percent option 1 |
Pediatric Dosing
- Babesiosis: 20mg/kg q12h (max 750mg/dose) + azithromycin
- PCP pneumonia (2nd line)
- >13yo, HIV- : 1500mg daily
- Adolescents, HIV+: 1500mg daily +/- leucovorin, +/- pyrimethamine
- 1-3mo, 2-13yo, HIV+: 30 mg/kg PO daily
- 4-24mo, HIV+: 45mg/kg PO daily
- Malaria prophylaxis: 250mg + 100mg proguanil daily
- Malaria falciparum/vivax treatment: 1000mg + proguanil 400mg daily
Indications by Disease
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
- Renal dosing: atovaquone/proguanil contraindicated in severe renal failure for malaria prophylaxis, otherwise no adjustment
- Hepatic dosing: no adjustment
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- SJS, erythema multiforme
- Methemoglobinemia
- Hepatitis, liver failure
Common
- Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
- Rash
- Headache, insomnia
- Fever
- Cough, rhinitis
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days
- Metabolism: undergoes enterohepatic recirculation
- Excretion: Fecal
Mechanism of Action
- Unclear mechanism; structurally similar to ubiquonone, which inhibits cytochromal electron transport in Plasmodia species