Pepper spray - Revision history

ClaireLewis at 03:52, 5 October 2016

2016-10-05T03:52:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:52, 5 October 2016
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	*[[Shortness of breath]]		*[[Shortness of breath]]
	===Ophthalmologic===		===Ophthalmologic===
	*Evaluate and treat any [[~~cornea~~ abrasions]]		*Evaluate and treat any [[corneal abrasions]]
	===Pulmonary===		===Pulmonary===
	*Patients with evidence of wheezing and bronchospasm may benefit from [[albuterol]] therapy		*Patients with evidence of wheezing and bronchospasm may benefit from [[albuterol]] therapy

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2016-09-25T04:18:01Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:18, 25 September 2016
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	Evaluation is focused on the irritated bodily area which is usually the eyes, throat, and skin, and lungs.<ref>Zollman TM, Bragg RM, Harrison DA. Clinical effects of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) on the human cornea and conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2186-9.</ref>		''Evaluation is focused on the irritated bodily area which is usually the eyes, throat, and skin, and lungs.<ref>Zollman TM, Bragg RM, Harrison DA. Clinical effects of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) on the human cornea and conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2186-9.</ref> ''
	===Ophthalmologic===		===Ophthalmologic===
	*Assess for [[corneal abrasions]] (approx 7% incidence) and [[blepharitis]]		*Assess for [[corneal abrasions]] (approx 7% incidence) and [[blepharitis]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Death Associated with Pepper Spray */

2016-09-25T04:17:13Z

Death Associated with Pepper Spray

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:17, 25 September 2016
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	weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>		weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>

	==Death Associated with Pepper Spray==		===Death Associated with Pepper Spray===
	*A Patient with excited delirium, placed in physical restraint (handcuffed in prone position) with a history of chronic [[bronchitis]] experienced asphyxia due to bronchospasm<ref> Steffee CH et al. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper) spray and “in-custody deaths.” Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1995;16:185-92. </ref>		*A Patient with excited delirium, placed in physical restraint (handcuffed in prone position) with a history of chronic [[bronchitis]] experienced asphyxia due to bronchospasm<ref> Steffee CH et al. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper) spray and “in-custody deaths.” Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1995;16:185-92. </ref>

Rossdonaldson1 at 04:17, 25 September 2016

2016-09-25T04:17:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:17, 25 September 2016
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	==Background==		==Background==
	Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is a commonly used riot-control and violence suppressive agent. It was first used by Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel in the US in 1973.<ref> Object of Interest: Pepper Spray. The New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/object-of-interest-pepper-spray</ref> The majority of the uses do not cause life threatening clinical effects. Commonly encountered effects include [[conjunctivitis]], blepharospasm, and self induced [[corneal abrasions]]. Early decontamination minimizes the irritant effects.<ref>Yeung MF, William YM. Clinicopathological effects of pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray. Hong Kong Med Journal 21(6). 2015</ref>		Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is a commonly used riot-control and violence suppressive agent. It was first used by Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel in the US in 1973.<ref> Object of Interest: Pepper Spray. The New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/object-of-interest-pepper-spray</ref> The majority of the uses do not cause life threatening clinical effects. Commonly encountered effects include [[conjunctivitis]], blepharospasm, and self induced [[corneal abrasions]]. Early decontamination minimizes the irritant effects.<ref>Yeung MF, William YM. Clinicopathological effects of pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray. Hong Kong Med Journal 21(6). 2015</ref>

	===Active Ingredients===		===Active Ingredients===
	Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is the main active ingredient and is extracted from the genus of the plant ''Capsicum annuum''. The five capsaicinoids include:		Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is the main active ingredient and is extracted from the genus of the plant ''Capsicum annuum''. The five capsaicinoids include:
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	Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin constitute 80-90% of pepper spray<ref>Reilly CA, Crouch DJ, Yost GS, Fatah AA. Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide in selfdefense		Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin constitute 80-90% of pepper spray<ref>Reilly CA, Crouch DJ, Yost GS, Fatah AA. Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide in selfdefense
	weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>		weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>

			==Death Associated with Pepper Spray==
			*A Patient with excited delirium, placed in physical restraint (handcuffed in prone position) with a history of chronic [[bronchitis]] experienced asphyxia due to bronchospasm<ref> Steffee CH et al. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper) spray and “in-custody deaths.” Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1995;16:185-92. </ref>

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
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	===Dermatologic===		===Dermatologic===
	*Cool water exposure to any irritated or erythematous areas may help reduce cutaneous pain.		*Cool water exposure to any irritated or erythematous areas may help reduce cutaneous pain.

	~~==Death Associated with Pepper Spray==~~
	*A Patient with excited delirium, placed in physical restraint (handcuffed in prone position) with a history of chronic [[bronchitis]] experienced asphyxia due to bronchospasm<ref> Steffee CH et al. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper) spray and “in-custody deaths.” Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1995;16:185-92. </ref>

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

ClaireLewis at 14:36, 22 September 2016

2016-09-22T14:36:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 22 September 2016
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

			[[Category:Trauma]] [[Category:Toxicology]]

Ostermayer: /* Background */

2016-09-02T20:09:27Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 2 September 2016
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	==Background==		==Background==
	Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is commonly used riot-control and violence suppressive agent. It was first used by Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel in the US in 1973.<ref> Object of Interest: Pepper Spray. The New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/object-of-interest-pepper-spray</ref> The majority of the uses do not cause life threatening clinical effects. Commonly encountered effects include [[conjunctivitis]], blepharospasm, and self induced [[corneal abrasions]]. Early decontamination minimizes the irritant effects.<ref>Yeung MF, William YM. Clinicopathological effects of pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray. Hong Kong Med Journal 21(6). 2015</ref>		Pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray is a commonly used riot-control and violence suppressive agent. It was first used by Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel in the US in 1973.<ref> Object of Interest: Pepper Spray. The New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/object-of-interest-pepper-spray</ref> The majority of the uses do not cause life threatening clinical effects. Commonly encountered effects include [[conjunctivitis]], blepharospasm, and self induced [[corneal abrasions]]. Early decontamination minimizes the irritant effects.<ref>Yeung MF, William YM. Clinicopathological effects of pepper (oleoresin capsicum) spray. Hong Kong Med Journal 21(6). 2015</ref>
	===Active Ingredients===		===Active Ingredients===
	Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is the main active ingredient and is extracted from the genus of the plant ''Capsicum annuum''. The five capsaicinoids include:		Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is the main active ingredient and is extracted from the genus of the plant ''Capsicum annuum''. The five capsaicinoids include:
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	#Homodihydrocapsaicin		#Homodihydrocapsaicin
	Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin constitute 80-90% of pepper spray<ref>Reilly CA, Crouch DJ, Yost GS, Fatah AA. Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide in selfdefense		Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin constitute 80-90% of pepper spray<ref>Reilly CA, Crouch DJ, Yost GS, Fatah AA. Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide in selfdefense
	weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>		weapons by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001;912:259-67.</ref>

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*Painful burning sensation on skin		*Painful burning sensation on skin

Ostermayer: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2016-09-02T20:08:36Z

Differential Diagnosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:08, 2 September 2016
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	*Throat pain		*Throat pain
	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
			===Medical Conditions===
			*[[Asthma exacerbation]]
			*[[Caustic keratoconjunctivitis]]
	{{Chemical weapon DDX}}		{{Chemical weapon DDX}}

Ostermayer: /* External Links */

2016-09-02T16:37:28Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 2 September 2016
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	==External Links==		==External Links==
	*[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/forgotten-history-mace-designed-29-year-old-and-reinvented-police-weapon-180953239/ The forgotten history of Mace]]		*[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/forgotten-history-mace-designed-29-year-old-and-reinvented-police-weapon-180953239/ The forgotten history of Mace]

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

Ostermayer: /* External Links */

2016-09-02T16:37:13Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 2 September 2016
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	==External Links==		==External Links==
			*[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/forgotten-history-mace-designed-29-year-old-and-reinvented-police-weapon-180953239/ The forgotten history of Mace]]

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

Ostermayer: /* See Also */

2016-09-02T16:36:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 2 September 2016
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
			*[[Chemical weapons]]

	==External Links==		==External Links==