View source for Template:AMS DDX

===[[Altered mental status]]===
====Diffuse brain dysfunction====
*[[hypoxia|Hypoxic]] encephalopathy
*[[Delirium|Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)]]
**[[Hypoglycemia]]
**Hyperosmolar state (e.g., [[hyperglycemia]])
**[[Electrolyte Abnormalities]] ([[hypernatremia]] or [[hyponatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]])
**Organ system failure
**[[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]
**[[Uremia]]/[[Renal Failure]]
**Endocrine ([[Addison's disease]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema coma]], [[thyroid storm]])
**[[Hypoxia]]
**[[CO2 narcosis]]
*[[Hypertensive Encephalopathy]]
*[[Toxins]]
*[[TTP]] / [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*Drug reactions ([[NMS]], [[Serotonin Syndrome]])
*Environmental causes
**[[Hypothermia]]
**[[Hyperthermia]]
*Deficiency state
**[[Wernicke encephalopathy]]
**Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord ([[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]])
**[[Rickets|Vitamin D Deficiency]]
**Zinc Deficiency
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Osmotic demyelination syndrome]] (central pontine myelinolysis)
*[[Limbic encephalitis]]

====Primary CNS disease or trauma====
*Direct CNS trauma
**Diffuse axonal injury
**[[Subdural hemorrhage|Subdural]]/[[epidural hematoma]]
*Vascular disease
**[[ICH|Intraparenchymal hemorrhage]]
*[[SAH]]
*[[Stroke]]
**Hemispheric, brainstem
*CNS infections
**[[Encephalitis]]
**[[Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis]]
**[[Meningitis]]
*Neoplasms
**[[Paraneoplastic]] [[Limbic encephalitis]]
**Malignant Meningitis
**Pancreatic [[Insulinoma]]
*[[Seizures]]
**Nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]]
**Postictal state
*[[Dementia]]
**[[Alzheimer's]]
**[[Lewy Body Dementia]]
**[[Frontotemporal Dementia]]

====Psychiatric====
*[[Acute psychosis]]
*[[Catatonia]]
*[[Excited delirium]]
*Malingering
*[[Steroid induced psychosis]]