View source for Esophageal varices

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==Background==

[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg|thumb|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
*Common cause of death among [[Special:MyLanguage/alcoholics|alcoholics]]<ref>Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46(3):922-938. PMID 17879356</ref>

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{{Sites of Portalcaval Anastomosis}}
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==Clinical Features==

[[File:Esophageal varices - wale.jpg|thumb|Gastroscopy image of esophageal varices with prominent cherry-red spots and "wale" signs.]]
[[File:Esophageal varices - post banding.jpg|thumb|Esophageal varices seven days after banding, showing ulceration at the site of banding.]]

===History===

*[[Special:MyLanguage/Hematemesis|Hematemesis]]
**Coffee-ground emesis
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting|Vomiting]] + retching followed by hematemesis is more likely Mallory-Weiss (esophageal)
*Dark, tarry stools
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Syncope|Syncope]] or pre-syncope
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dyspepsia|Dyspepsia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/epigastric pain|epigastric pain]] or heartburn


===Physical Exam===

*[[Special:MyLanguage/Tachycardia|Tachycardia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/hypotension|hypotension]]
*Liver disease
**Spider angiomata, palmar erythema, jaundice, gynecomastia
*[[Special:MyLanguage/liver disease induced coagulopathy|Coagulopathy]]
**[[Special:MyLanguage/Petechiae|Petechiae]]/[[Special:MyLanguage/purpura|purpura]]
*Melena


==Differential Diagnosis==

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{{UGIB DDX}}
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==Evaluation==

[[File:Ausgepraegte langstreckige Oesophagusvarizen bei Leberzirrhose 62W - CT KM pv - 001 - Annotation.jpg|thumb|Pronounced esophageal varices extending superiorly cranially in liver cirrhosis. Left 3 axial slices, right sagittal.]]
[[File:Oesophagusvarizen 02.jpg|thumb|]]
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{{UGIB evaluation}}
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==Management==

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{{Upper GI bleed treatment}}
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==Disposition==

*Admission


==See Also==

*[[Special:MyLanguage/Upper GI bleeding|Upper GI bleeding]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Upper GI Bleed Guidelines|Upper GI Bleed Guidelines]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Balloon tamponade|Balloon tamponade]]


==References==

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{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:GI]]
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