View source for Cefalonium

==General==
*Type: [[Is Generation::1st generation]] [[Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin]]
*Dosage Forms: Intramammary suspension, Ophthalmic ointment (Veterinary)
*Dosage Strengths: Various veterinary formulations (e.g., 250mg)
*Routes of Administration: Intramammary, Topical (Ocular)
*Common Trade Names: Cepravin, Cefalonium

==Adult Dosing==
===General===
*'''Clinical Note:''' Cefalonium is primarily a veterinary antibiotic used for "dry cow" therapy and ocular infections in animals.
*There are no established FDA-approved dosing regimens for human systemic use in emergency medicine.

==Pediatric Dosing==
===General===
*Not indicated for human pediatric use.

==Special Populations==
*Pregnancy: Not defined for humans.
*Lactation: Used in veterinary medicine specifically during the dry period to prevent mastitis; milk withholding periods apply to animals. Human safety data is not available.
*Renal
**Adult: Not defined for humans.
**Pediatric: Not defined for humans.
*Hepatic (Adult & Pediatric)
**Not defined

==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug (Cephalosporins/Beta-lactams)

==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
*Similar cross-reactivity risks to other [[Cephalosporins]] if exposure occurs:
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]] (Theoretical)
*[[Clostridium difficile]] (Theoretical)

===Common===
*Hypersensitivity reactions
*Local irritation (if applied topically)

==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: Pharmacokinetics not well-characterized for human systemic use.
*Metabolism: Not defined for humans.
*Excretion: Urine (in animal models)
*Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis (binds to penicillin-binding proteins).

==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]==
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||X1
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||I
|-
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||R
|-
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[E. coli]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||R
|-
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||R
|-
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||R
|-
| ||Serratia marcescens||R
|-
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||R
|-
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||R
|-
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||R
|-
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||R
|-
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||R
|-
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||R
|-
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||R
|-
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||R
|-
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||X1
|}

===Key===
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}

==See Also==
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]
*[[Cefazolin]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]]